Birthdays
1924 Carroll O'Connor
1932 Peter O'Toole
1984 JD Vance
On This Date
1610 English explorer Henry Hudson enters the bay later named after him, the Hudson Bay
1776 Formal signing of the US Declaration of Independence by 56 people (date most accepted by modern historians)
1790 First US census conducted; population is 3,929,214, including 697,624 slaves
1832 Battle of Bad Axe, Wisconsin: 1,300 Illinois militia defeat Sauk and Fox Native Americans, ending the Black Hawk War
1858 The Government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown
1864 Saratoga Racecourse, America's oldest thoroughbred racetrack, opens its inaugural meet with four days of racing
1865 Trans Atlantic Cable laid by SS Great Eastern between Great Britain and America snaps and is lost - somebody was pissed
1876 the legendary frontiersman and lawman "Wild Bill" Hickok was shot and killed from behind by Jack McCall while playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon (Saloon No. 10) in Deadwood, Dakota Territory.1873 First trial run of San Francisco cable car in Clay Street between Kearny and Jones
1887 Chester A. Hodge of Beloit, Wisconsin, patents "spur" barbed wire
1892 George A. Wheeler is granted a US patent for a prototype of the escalator
1909 US issues the first Lincoln penny, featuring a portrait of Abraham Lincoln on the front and wheat stalks on the reverse
1921 After three hours of deliberation, a Chicago jury acquits eight Chicago White Sox players accused in the Black Sox scandal; the next day, they are banned from organized baseball for life
1934 William Franks twirls an Indian club overhead 17,280 times in 1 hour. (I doubt anyone has attempeted to break that record either)
1937 Marihuana Tax Act passes in America, essentially rendering marijuana and all its by-products illegal - 1st they go after the Drunks(prohibition) then go after the Stoners - screw Big Brother
1939 Albert Einstein writes to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, informing him of recent research on fission chain reactions, making possible the construction of "extremely powerful bombs"
1943 "Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry pilots B-17 "Yankee Doodle," which crashes on takeoff, killing two people
1943 WWII: US Navy Lt. John F. Kennedy's PT boat 109 sinks in the Solomon Islands
1945 After 3½ days suffering exhaustion, lack of water, and shark attacks in the Philippine Sea, the surviving crew of USS Indianapolis are spotted by Wilbur “Chuck” Gwinn, a PV-1 Ventura pilot on a routine sector search; 316 survive
1945 Potsdam Conference between Joseph Stalin, Harry Truman, and Winston Churchill (replaced by Clement Attlee after losing the 1945 general election) ends
1958 American pilots Jim Heth and Bill Burkhart take off from Dallas, Texas, in "The Old Scotchman," their modified Cessna 172, in an effort to break the airplane flight endurance record; they fly for slightly over 50 days, eclipsing the existing record by more than three days
1961 The Beatles perform their first gig as the house band at Liverpool's Cavern Club
1964 North Vietnam fires at the US Navy destroyer USS Maddox in what becomes known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, eventually escalating US involvement in the Vietnam War
1965 Morley Safer sends first Vietnam report, indicating the US is losing
1968 Ron Hansen (Washington Senators) and Tim Cullen (Chicago White Sox) become the first MLB players to be traded for each other twice in the same season; they had been traded in February in opposite directions. Maybe they were so bad the both teams wanted theier dumpster fires back

1975 104°F (40°C) in Providence, Rhode Island (state record)
1975 107°F (42°C) in Chester/New Bedford, Massachusetts (state record)
1979 MLB New York Mets purchase contract of outfielder José Cardenal from Philadelphia Phillies between games of a double-header between the two teams

1985 Delta Air Lines Flight 191, operated by a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes on approach to Dallas Fort Worth Airport during a thunderstorm, killing 136 people, injuring 25, and leaving 27 survivors
1986 PC born today; IBM launches its PS/2 line of personal computers2018 Apple becomes the first American publicly listed company to reach $1 trillion in value
2018 Japanese newspaper "Yomiuri Shimbun" reveals Tokyo Medical University is tampering with female entrance exams to ensure fewer than 30% are accepted
2025 MLB Speedway Classic: regular season record crowd of 91,032 gathers for a baseball game at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee, but game gets rained out in bottom of first inning