The world’s largest direct air capture plant is set to open in Iceland this week, a potentially significant development in the fledgling carbon dioxide removal industry’s quest to lower global temperatures.
Designed by the pioneering Swiss startup Climeworks, the so-called Mammoth plant would use fans, filters, piping and geothermal energy to permanently remove up to 36,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere each year. That’s nine times the annual removal capacity of Orca, another Climeworks facility that is currently the world’s largest operating direct air capture plant.
Despite the technological achievement, Mammoth would only be able to remove less than 1 percent of the annual emissions of a typical coal-fired power plant, according to EPA data. But it is poised to be at least the second commercial facility that could pull tens of thousands of tons of carbon from the air annually, with much larger plants in development.
“It’s a signal of growth for the carbon removal ecosystem,” Ben Rubin, executive director of the Carbon Business Council, said of Mammoth’s planned debut Wednesday. The trade association represents more than 100 carbon management startups, but Climeworks, one of the industry’s most established players, is not a member of the council.
The new plant is opening as the planet continues to blow past heat records, with 10 consecutive months through March setting all-time highs. To avoid catastrophic temperature increases, scientists have determined that the world needs to both slash heat-trapping emissions while also massively scaling up deployments of carbon dioxide removal facilities.
Buyers from the private and public sectors have stepped in to create demand for such plants. Microsoft on Tuesday inked a record-setting 3.3-million-metric-ton agreement with Stockholm Exergi, a Swedish firm that would remove carbon by burning biomass for energy while capturing and storing the emissions. Last month, Denmark’s energy agency awarded contracts to three firms that have promised to collectively remove over 1.1 million metric tons of carbon from the air.
Meanwhile in the U.S., a biomass burial facility run by Graphyte — likely the world’s largest operating carbon removal plant — is on pace to scrub 15,000 metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere in 2024. The company plans to increase the removal capacity of that Pine Bluff, Arkansas, plant next year to 50,000 metric tons.