Small, but effective, the Czechoslovak army was one of the best of Central Europe in 1938. The country needed to protect its borders against turbulent neighbors and experienced, since the treaty of Versailles in 1919, never-ending quarrels related to its lands, inhabited by large foreign minorities. As such, Romania, Hungary and Poland had their eye on the Czech Republic, a single democracy surrounded by more or less authoritarian regimes. Its first threat, however, was Nazi Germany, because of the alleged large minorities (in fact majorities) of German-speaking people in the northern and western part of the country. As early as 1936, various plans to organize insurrections appeared, the result of these culminating in countless border incidents and the Freikorps of Konrad Heinlein in the Sudetenland.
The Czech army counted on industrial resources (mostly located in the northwest) and world-class industries, including car manufacturers, which were valuable in order to form a basis for tank production, like Škoda and Praga, Aero, etc. Exports counted many excellent automatic rifles and machine-guns. The British Bren was actually based on a Czech regular machine-gun. In terms of armored equipment, the Czech army retained 7
Renault FTs purchased in 1921-22 and the
Škoda-FIAT-Torino (1920). They began to create their first domestic tank in 1929, the vz.33 tankette
vz.33 tankette, inspired by the British
Vickers-Carden-Loyd Mk.VI design.
The
Panzer 38(t) was a Czech-built good all-around light tank, well used by the Wehrmacht and declined into many versions. It was better armed than the
Panzer II and proved more sturdy and reliable overall. It gave birth, among others, to one of the most effective tank hunters of the war, the
Jagdpanzer 38(t).