There's a least a solid argument that Communist Russia wouldn't have survived even the Russian civil war, let alone the several catastrophes that came through the late 20s and 30s. What would have replaced it, and what that would have meant for global stability is anyone's guess.
Avoiding Naziism and Communism? That sounds like a very good trade.
Germany likely would have still aligned with Japan, but probably more directly against Russia--unless through support in the Russian civil war, Germany became a good friend of the non-Communist Russian government. Maybe Germany and Japan would not have found common cause? Russia would still have meddled in China, but as it was, Russia supported Chiang Kai-Shek, not Mao (weird, but true), so how would that have been different? Perhaps in how Russia approached its likely inevitable border disputes with Japan?
Or would Germany have decided that a weakened Russia couldn't hold Ukraine, but Germany could? Not knowing much about it, I suspect Russia would have been even more worried about an in-tact German empire, likely meaning it would spend less capital in China and fighting the Japanese. Japan may well have taken much more in China as a result. Could that have stemmed Mao's takeover?
But nationalism was coming, like it or not. The empires were reaching the end of days. Would the Germans, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans have continued on for much longer? Not likely.
And it's all anyone's guess.
