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Topic: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy

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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8106 on: June 14, 2023, 09:39:07 AM »
Refining crude oil - the refining process - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

That's a simpler explanation.

Sulfur removal from crude oil and hydrocarbons » Rayeneh Group

"Caustic washing" ... to remove sulfur, interesting.  Back in the day, I was an organosulfur chemist.  That day is long gone of course.

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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8107 on: June 14, 2023, 09:39:10 AM »
Quote from: Cincydawg on June 14, 2023, 09:34:22 AM
The process for what?  The first step is distillation.  A second step can be cracking, which is changing long chainlength molecules to shorter ones, and more branched ones, this uses heat and catalysts.  Sulfur removal, I don't know how they do it, sulfur tends to poison catalysts.


The process for taking a barrel of crude and turning it into gasoline, say 91 octane.

How many gallons of gas come from a 55 gallon barrel of crude?
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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8108 on: June 14, 2023, 09:43:02 AM »
Petroleum refineries in the United States produce about 19 to 20 gallons of motor gasoline and 11 to 12 gallons of ultra-low sulfur distillate fuel oil (most of which is sold as diesel fuel and in several states as heating oil) from one 42-gallon barrel of crude oil.
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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8109 on: June 14, 2023, 09:45:29 AM »
Where does the rest of the stuff go?
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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8110 on: June 14, 2023, 09:51:18 AM »
Asphalt, kerosene, heating oil, natural gas, chemicals, ...

My oil company buds were constantly trying to find a use for their "C4 stream".  It had only fuel value much of the time, they said.  The only main use was butadiene.

They got excited when I came up with a use for it, but that use didn't pan out.
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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8111 on: June 14, 2023, 09:53:35 AM »
Thank you for the education.

Just for giggles, how much gasoline per barrel does China get? India? Russia? Germany?
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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8112 on: June 14, 2023, 10:03:03 AM »
My guess is about the same as here.  The technology has been around a long time with some minor upgrades.  The US had a major advantage in av gas in WW 2 because we could make higher octane fuel which allowed higher compression engines with more superturbocharging than the Germans could manage.  They used water injection as one way around that.

General aviation avgas today is called "100 LL' for 100 octane low lead.  It still has lead in it (TEL).  Then there is "Jet A" which is basically kerosene with an additive in it of some sort.  The two don't mix, but there have been situations where the wrong type went into a plane, not good.  When my Cessna started running rough I thought I had a bad batch of fuel as I had just filled it up.

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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8113 on: June 14, 2023, 10:06:29 AM »
I'm curious is some leave the lead in to gain more octane and power.
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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8114 on: June 14, 2023, 10:16:38 AM »
I think it’s more for older valves
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Gigem

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8115 on: June 14, 2023, 12:03:29 PM »
I worked in a light hydrocarbons plant for 15 years. We cracked lights like ethane and propane ( and sometimes naphtha ) to make ethylene and propylene. Later we dehydrogenated propane to make propylene and a shit load of H2. 

We always talked about our streams. C4+ heavies, c2 lights. We had one whole section of the plant designed to remove sulfur. We used a caustic wash process along with catalysts. There are different types of sulfur that require different processes. Sulfur is a poison to our catalysts later in the plant. 
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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8116 on: June 14, 2023, 12:18:01 PM »
Sounds pretty complicated.
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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8117 on: June 16, 2023, 07:03:32 AM »
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847badgerfan

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8118 on: June 16, 2023, 07:26:46 AM »
The above disturbance will likely not reach the US, based on what I'm reading. The wind shear is too high in the Gulf and Atlantic, North of Cuba. Look like this area could be the bullseye.

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Cincydawg

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Re: Weather, Climate, Environment, and Energy
« Reply #8119 on: June 16, 2023, 07:54:05 AM »
Quote from: 847badgerfan on June 14, 2023, 12:18:01 PM
Sounds pretty complicated.
The field is called petrochemistry, it's a thing, and it's complicated.  I worked a bit distantly from that area with some folks at Shell Chemical.  They had some impressive gear and pilot plants.
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