For Dell specifically, I can give you a decoder.
We now have two lines of business.
Dell Laptops-- these are the consumer laptops that used to be called Inspiron.
Dell Pro Laptops-- these are the commercial/corporate laptops that used to be called Latitude.
(Also, since we're currently in transition, you can still find the Inspirons and Latitudes, and they're the previous generation so there are probably some decent deals on them)
Anyway, within those two LOBs, there are three classifications. The base model, then one called Plus, then one called Premium. Those equate to what we used to call 3000 series, 5000 series, and 7000/9000 series. 3000 was entry level, 5000 was midmarket, and 7000/9000 were the premium products.
So that breaks down to:
Consumer: Dell Laptop, Dell Plus Laptop, Dell Premium Laptop.
Commercial: Dell Pro Laptop, Dell Pro Plus Laptop, Dell Pro Premium Laptop
I'd stick to the ones that are Plus or Premium. They will typically be more expensive but they are higher build quality and therefore usually better CSAT models.
As far as the differences between Consumer and Commercial, a basic way to think of it is that the Consumer ones tend to have more whizz-bang technology, and the Commercial ones tend to have fewer bells and whistles but offer a more stable software image, because that's what very large corporations value most-- stability over features. Of course, there's a floor for the amount of features a corporate laptop will have, and it's almost certainly plenty good enough for what you want to do with it.
Your sweet spot will be Dell Plus or Premium in the Consumer series, or Dell Pro Plus or Premium in the Commercial series.
And there are now AMD, Intel, and Qualcom CPU options for all of the above. I'd stick with AMD or Intel, and the AMD versions will likely be somewhat less than the Intel versions.
Our primary American competitor has analogs for all of the above, but I don't know the model names or branding conventions.
And finally, and I can't stress this enough-- avoid any brands tainted by the CCP.