We first moved to ATL in 1964 (from Augusta). Metro Atlanta at the time was pretty modern. The city of Atlanta is still a pretty small slice of metro Atlanta, about 1/12th the population of the whole area.
The rural areas in Georgia, and the South, were pretty "backwards" until perhaps 1970 or so when things perceptibly began to change. I do think highways was a big part of that.
My Dad would take me out to Lawrenceville to get a haircut for 25 cents sometimes. That county was very rural at the time, now it's about to be the most populated county in the state with over a million residents. It had maybe 40,000 in 1964? Our house was on the outer edge of populated metro Atlanta, just outside what later was the Perimeter (I285). I would walk over and watch them build that highway in 1968-9. It was six lanes at the time it was built and some said that was over doing it.
We would visit our grandparents every summer fairly often, mostly my mom's in rural East Tennessee near Sevierville. That area of course has changed markedly (not so much for the better in my view). My Dad's parents lived outside a small town in NE Georgia (where I was born) off a dirt road. Most of the state highways were paved with this gravely stuff, gravel and some asphalt, but not smooth.
Yeah, it was all pretty "backward", and I'm talking about how it was for white folks. I remember in Augusta there was a part of town where the "wealthy" black folks lived, for a 6 year old it was perplexing as the black folks I saw were all maids or porters or shoe shiners, menial labor, but my mom told me they also had doctors and dentists and professional people, all of it an entirely separate life. In winter, there were times my mom had to drive our maid home because her husband could not drive in our area after dark.
I was in high school before there was even a handful of black students around, they had to be bussed in. In Atlanta, some street names still change as they go from north (a white area) to south (black areas), though today the place is more integrated, but the south of Atlanta is mostly black.
We have made a mess of a lot of things.