That's difficult to say, because it's less a regional bias thing and more of a full-schedule, stability thing.
In the 1800s, college football was all Ivy League. They were good, but they also played a full schedule (8-9-10 games). No one else did. So you'd have midwestern, southern, and western teams going 4-0 or 5-0 or whatever, but they were unknown commodities and didn't get the benefit of the doubt because they played relatively few games.
So the midwestern schools forming the Big Ten in 1896 and just 5 years later, Michigan is a RECOGNIZED national power.
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Now teams in the south and west were then playing 7-8-9 games, but not getting any play. The midwest had Michigan, Chicago, Illinois, ND......the east still had the Ivies going strong, plus Pitt. (the Ivies weren't "The Ivy League" as a conference, but they all played each other and were good)
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More conferences begin (1905-1915), in the plains, the SWC, and out west. Western teams like early 20s Cal, Stanford, and USC became a power before the south got any due. GA Tech was recognized in 1917, but that was a WWI thing.
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The Southern Conference began in 1922, so you could point to that being the thing that kept them down as much as being socially backwards.
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Another aspect was travel/money. Remember, football didn't exactly have permanence early on. T.Roosevelt had to intervene to keep it going early in the 1900s. So we couldn't criticize a school if it didn't want to pay for its team to hop a train to travel very far.
Looking at schedules back then, the southern and western teams were very regional. They had to be. The furthest I see teams travelling pre-1920 is Texas playing Alabama and Auburn. West coast teams were exclusively regional until the Rose Bowl began. It was the Rose Bowl, and beating those credible Big Ten school that allowed the west coast schools to get respect earlier than the southern schools.
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The midwest schools who happened to sort of bet on football remaining a thing traveled east - playing the likes of Pitt and some even crossing the Appalachians, playing Virginia, Penn, Syracuse and Yale. I really think the birth of the helmet program was with those schools willing to travel. ND played @Nebraska, @Army, and @Texas in 1915. Why was little Vanderbilt the SEC's first power? They played Michigan for a few consecutive years, raising their notoriety. GA Tech played ND. It was all about money-travel-exposure-respect.
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