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• Birthdays
• 63BC Augustus Caesar
• 1920 Mickey Rooney
• 1930 Ray Charles
• 1939 1939 Roy Buchanan, American blues guitarist
• 1949 Bruce Springsteen

• EVENTS
• 1387 One of the most extravagant medieval English feasts ever recorded is held for Richard II and John of Gaunt in London, including 14 salted oxen, 120 sheep, 1,200 pigeons, and 11,000 eggs
• 1779 John Paul Jones aboard the USS Bonhomme Richard defeats the British frigate HMS Serepis and becomes the United States first well-known naval hero
• 1806 Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest and completing their Corps of Discovery expedition to the Pacific Ocean
• 1845 The first baseball team, the New York Knickerbockers, organizes and adopts a rulebook, known as the Knickerbocker Rules.
• 1862 Otto von Bismarck is appointed Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia by King Wilhelm I
• 1862 US President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is published in northern newspapers
• 1875 Billy the Kid is arrested for the first time and jailed after receiving clothing stolen from a Chinese laundry but escapes two days later
• 1889 Nintendo Koppai (later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda
• 1949 MLB Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck holds a funeral service to bury the 1948 pennant after the team is mathematically eliminated from repeating as champions
• 1957 "That'll Be the Day" single by Buddy Holly and The Crickets reaches #1 in the US
  
  1962 ABC's first color TV series, "The Jetsons," created by Hanna-Barbera, premieres
• 1974 John Lennon's single "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night," featuring Elton John, is released in the US; it is Lennon's only solo no. 1 single during his lifetime
• 1977 Cheryl Ladd replaces Farrah Fawcett on the TV show "Charlie's Angels"
• 1980 Reggae legend Bob Marley's final concert at Stanley Theatre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• 1983 MLB pitcher Gaylord Perry (45) announces his retirement after 22 seasons, with a career record of 314-265, a 3.11 ERA, and 3,534 strikeout
• 1984 Detroit Tigers' Sparky Anderson becomes the first MLB manager to win 100 games in both leagues
• 2019 Climate activist Greta Thunberg scolds world leaders with "How dare you" for not addressing climate change at the UN Climate Action Summit in New York
• 2019 178-year-old British travel company Thomas Cook goes into liquidation, stranding 600,000 travelers worldwide and prompting the largest postwar repatriation effort by the UK government
  
  2021 Fossilized footprints 23,000-21,000 years old from White Sands, New Mexico indicate settlement by humans of North and South America earlier than previously thought

• 1977 Cheryl Ladd replaces Farrah Fawcett on the TV show "Charlie's Angels"

THIS DAY IN HISTORY:

The Brief Battle of Prestonpans (1745)
England's King James II may have been deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, but he was not without supporters. These supporters, the Jacobites, spent the next six decades unsuccessfully fighting to restore him—and, later, his descendants—to the throne. Their final major attempt, the Forty-five Rebellion, began auspiciously for the House of Stuart, with a victory at Prestonpans, Scotland. The battle was won in mere minutes.