1776 Congress officially renames the country as the United States of America (from the United Colonies)
1836 Ralph Waldo Emerson publishes his influential essay "Nature" in the US, outlining his beliefs in transcendentalism
1841 Great Lakes steamer "Erie" sinks off Silver Creek, NY, killing 300
1841 Tom Hyer beats George McChester in 101 rounds (2 hours and 55 minutes) at Caldwell's Landing, NY, to become the first American heavyweight boxing champion
1850 California is admitted as the thirty-first state of the Union
1904 The Boston Herald again refers to the NY baseball club as Yankees when it reports "Yankees take 2," although the Yankee name is not official until 1913
1908 Orville Wright makes the first hour-long airplane flight, lasting 62 minutes and 15 seconds at Fort Myer, Virginia
1909 Edward Henry Harriman, American leading railroad builder (Union Pacific Railroad Company), dies at 61
1915 A. G. Spalding, American Baseball HOF pitcher, manager and executive, dies at 66
1919 The hydrofoil designed by Alexander Graham Bell, his wife Mabel Bell, and F.W. Casey Baldwin sets a new water speed record of 114 km/h on Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia
1936 New York Yankees beat Cleveland Indians, 12-9 at League Park to clinch AL pennant on the earliest date in history
1944 Allied forces liberate Luxembourg
1954 Indians become first Cleveland team to win 100 games in a season
1955 Don Zimmer hits the 4,000th home run for the Dodgers. I can't picture that,thought he was just a fat guy from the minors
1966 The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, establishing the first federal safety standards for vehicles and roads
1969 Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 collides with a Piper Cherokee above Indiana, killing all 83 occupants
1971 Apple Records releases John Lennon's second solo studio album, "Imagine," in the US; it tops the charts in the US, UK, Australia
1976 Mao Zedong, Chinese revolutionary and Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1949-76), dies of a heart attack at 82
1986 Minnesota's Tommy Kramer passes for six touchdowns against Green Bay, 42-7
1987 Gary Hart admits on "Nightline" to cheating on his wife
1987 Larry Bird of the Celtics begins an NBA free throw streak of 59 consecutive successful shots
1987 MLB pitcher Nolan Ryan strikes out his 4,500th batter
1992 MLB player Robin Yount is the 17th to reach 3,000 hits
1997 Burgess Meredith,stage and screen actor, dies at 88
1997 Richie Ashburn, Baseball Hall of Fame infielder and sportscaster, dies of a heart attack at 70
2003 Hungarian-American physicist, father of the Hydrogen bomb (Manhattan Project), dies at 95
2003 Larry Hovis, American actor (Hogan's Heroes), dies at 67
2015 Queen Elizabeth II becomes Great Britain's longest-reigning monarch at 63 years and seven months
2018 Green Bay Packers start their 100th season with a historic 24-23 comeback win over the Chicago Bears at Lambeau Field
2021 Tom Brady becomes the first player in NFL history to start 300 regular-season games as he guides the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to an opening day 31-29 win at home against the Dallas Cowboys
2021 US President Joe Biden announces widespread COVID-19 vaccine mandates for federal workers, contractors, and large employers, affecting 100 million people
2024 James Earl Jones, Tony, Emmy, Grammy, and Golden Globe winning actor, dies at 93