1682 English Quaker William Penn founds Philadelphia, in the Pennsylvania Colony
1812 War of 1812 begins when the US declares war against Britain
1864 Siege of Petersburg: Ulysses S. Grant ends four days of assaults and begins a nine month siege
1911 Detroit Tigers trail Chicago White Sox, 13-1 at Bennett Park, Detroit; recover to win, 16-15 for the biggest comeback in Major League Baseball history
1928 American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean (as a passenger), landing at Burry Port, Wales
1940 Winston Churchill gives his "This was their finest hour" speech to the House of Commons, urging perseverance in the war after the Dunkirk evacuation and the fall of France
1947 Gene Roddenberry survives plane crash in the Syrian Desert while working for Pan American World Airways
1950 Cleveland Indians score an American League record 14 runs in 1st inning; beat Philadelphia A's, 21-2 at Cleveland Stadium
1967 Closing day of the Monterey International Pop Festival, Southern California, featuring first major US appearances of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Who, and Otis Redding
1967 Jimi Hendrix and Pete Townsend wage a battle of guitars at the Monetery Pop Festival
1977 Billy Martin and Reggie Jackson get into a dugout altercation