Hmm... First thing I checked was the battery (car off), terminals were nice and secure, and it read just over 12V so that's good. Then checked continuity on a couple of fuses related to the alternator, by pulling them and checking with a multimeter. All good. Reinserted fuses.
Fired up the car, plugged in the OBD reader. Said 14.4V voltage--so all good if the alternator is working. Got out and checked the voltage at the battery with it running... 14.4V. So all good if the alternator is working.
Closed the hood, put it in gear, moved a little bit. Didn't get another check charging system notification...
Might have to take it for a little spin around the neighborhood later when my wife gets back to see what happens.
Hoping it was just nothing, or that pulling/reseating fuses fixed a weak connection. Hoping it's not a gremlin that's just going to start disappearing/reappearing at random.