Home Field Advantage.
Let's stick only to competitive games, not OSU hosting Akron. And of course it may be different at NW relative to Iowa, or Penn State. Imagine some theoretical world where Penn State - having a good year - plays Ohio State 100 times, 50 at each site. What would the average scores be in you estimation?
I dimly recall The Bobs had done an analysis that showed the difference in conference games only. It was smallest in the SEC and larger in the B1G, something like 3 points versus 6 points.
So, IF it's 6 points, OSU would average a score of say 35-29 at home and Penn State would average the reverse score. I think.
(PSU at night looks like one of the toughest venues in sports, to me.)
There are two different questions here, IMHO:
First is a question that gamblers care a LOT about but that is otherwise irrelevant. Specifically, how many points is HFA worth regardless of who actually wins the game. IMHO, the answer to this question is about what the gamblers say, 3-5 points (as compared to a neutral site so 6-10 points swing from one home field to the other).
The second question that gamblers don't really care about but that the rest of us do is how many games will HFA help you win or help your opponent beat you?
Years ago we did an multi-year analysis of home vs road records for Big Ten teams. What we found then was that all teams had better records at home but the difference tended to be greatest for teams that typically finish near the middle of the pack. That makes sense if you think it through.
If we suppose (per ELA's thread) that Ohio State will be the best team in the conference, Michigan State #7, Minnesota #8, and Rutgers the worst then:
HFA will likely not matter in many games for the Buckeyes and Scarlet Knights because they are either good enough (tOSU) or bad enough (RU) that the location of most games is irrelevant. Ie, HFA likely only matters for the Buckeyes in games against the #2 (M) and #3(PSU) teams. Similarly, HFA likely only matters for the Scarlet Knights in games against the #13 (IL) and #12 (UMD) teams.
It is much different for the middle teams. For the Spartans and Gophers HFA is likely to matter in games against each other as well as #6 (NU), #5 (UW), #9 (PU), and #10 (UNL).
Thus, teams in the middle could have as many as five games in which HFA might be enough to tip the balance while teams near the top or bottom probably only have two or three.